TULISAN PASSIVE VOICE

Definisi : Kalimat pasif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Passive Voice atau Passive Sentence atau ada juga yang menyebutnya Passive Forms merupakan salah satu bentuk kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris. Dalam definisi singkatnya Passive Voice berarti suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana secara tata Bahasa Inggris subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘pasien’, yaitu yang menerima aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan. Kalimat Pasif umumnya kontras dengan Kalimat Aktif atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Active Voice, kalimat ini bermakna suatu bentuk kata kerja transitif dimana subjek dari kalimat berpelaku sebagai ‘agen’, yaitu yang melakukan aksi dari sebuah pekerjaan.

Rumus : 

Simple past tense :

Active = verb 2 (ed)

Passive =was/were + verb 3

Simple present tense :

Active =verb 1 (+ s/es)

Passive = Is/am/are + verb 3

Present perfect tense :

Active = has/have + verb 3

Passive = has/have + been + verb 3

Present continous tense :

Active = is/am/are + verb ing

Passive = is/am/are + being + verb 3

Present future tense :

Active = will + verb 1

Passive =will + be + verb 3

Past perfect tense :

Active = had + verb 3

Passive = had + been + verb 3

Present perfect continous tense :

Active = has/have + been + verb ing

Passive = has/have + been + being + verb 3

Contoh :

Tenses	Contoh Aktif	Contoh Pasif
Simple Present	She drives the car	The car is driven by her
Simple Past	She drove the car	The car was driven by her
Simple Future	She will drive the car	The car will be driven by her
Present Continuous	She is driving the car	The car is being driven by her
Past Continuous	She was driving the car	The car was being driven by her
Future Continuous	She will be driving the car	The car will be being driven by her
Present Perfect	She has driven the car	The car has been driven by her
Past Perfect	She had driven the car	The car had been driven by her
Future Perfect	She will have driven the car	The car will have been driven by her
Present Perfect Continuous	She has been driving the car	The car has been being driven by her
Past Perfect Continuous	She had been driving the car	The car had been being driven by her
Future Perfect Continuous	She will have been driving the car	The car would have been being driven by her
Past Future	She would drive the car	The car would be driven by her
Past Future Continuous	She would be driving the car	The car would be being driven by her car
Past Future Perfect	She would have driven the car	The car would have been driven by her car
Past Future Perfect Continuous	She would have been driving the car	The car would have been being driven by her

TUGAS EXCERCISE 36

1. Leave          

2. Repaired      9. To cut

3. Typed          10. Sign

4. Call             11. Leave

5. Painted        12. Washed

6. Wrote          13. Fixed

7. Lie               14. Published

8. Sent             15. Find

TULISAN Adverb Clause and Preposition

A. Pengertian Adverb

Adverb adalah kata keterangan. Adverb dan adjective memiliki kesamaan. Jika ditinjaudari segi filsafat bahasa, kedua kata ini diawali oleh kata “Ad” yang memungkinkan adanya arti “Add” atau “penambahan”. Jika Adjective menambahkan kejelasan arti pada benda-benda, maka Adverb menambahkan kejelasan terhadap kata kerja.
Misalnya:
“She runs slowly” Slowly merupakan Adverb yang menjelaskan atau menambah kejelasan makna runs, bukan she. Meskipun yang runs adalah she, namun Adverb menjelaskan kata kerja, bukan she sebagai kata benda.

Jadi, Adverb itu adalah kata keterangan yang memberikan penjelasan pada semua kata lain kecuali kata benda.

Pada umumnya adverb dapat dibentuk dari adjective dengan menambah –ly di belakang kata sifat tersebut. Namun peraturan ini tidak berlaku untuk semua kata sifat.
Perhatikan contoh berikut:

Adjective Adverb
Fluent
Contoh kalimat:
Her English is fluent

Show
Contoh kalimat:
He is a slow reader

Quick
Contoh kalimat
She is quick writer Fluenty
Contoh kalimat:
She can speak English fluently

Slowly
Contoh kalimat
He reads the book slowly

Quickly
Contoh kalimat
She writyes quickly

Adverb Clause
Adverb Clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai adverbial. Adverb clause dimulai dengan konjungsi yang tergolong dalam subordinating conjunctions.

B. Rumus umum dan contoh adverb clause.

Subject + predicet + conj + subject + predicet.

Tapi bisa saja conjuntion di awal sesuai dengan kalimatnya.
Contoh:
- I met her when + was walking to school.
- As he was sick, he went to she doctor.
- I can’t go out because my mother is sick.

Preposition

Preposisi menunjukkan hubungan antara dua benda atau lebih. Sebagai contoh: “The lamp is on the table” mengandung preposisi “on“. Kata ini menunjukkan hubungan ruang antara lampu dan meja.
Preposisi tempat yang paling umum adalah: in, on, under, next to, in front of, behind, at.
in, on, under, in front of, dan behind jelas terlihat. Contoh-contoh kalimatnya adalah:
- The dog is in the box
- The cat is under the table
- Tjhe man is next to the building
Akan tetapi at merupakan konsep yang lebih abstrak - preposisi ini digunakan untuk menunjuk pada sebuah titik dalam ruang, biasanya sebuah titik pada sebuah garis. Lihat berikut untuk penjelasan yang lebih rinci.

In, On, At
In digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang mengelilingi atau melingkupi kita. Contoh:
- I sleep in my bedroom.
- The desk in the room.
In juga digunakan untuk area-area geografis seperti kota dan negara, misalnya: “I live in London” atau “I live in England”.
On digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang ada di atas sebuah permukaan. Misalnya:
• I sleep on my bed.
• The paper is on the desk.
On juga digunakan untuk nama-nama jalan, misalnya: “I live on Orchard Roard”.
At digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang berada pada sebuah titik tertentu, seringkali sebagai bagian dari sebuah garis. Sebagai contoh:
- He is at the bus stop.
Bus stop (penghentian bus) merupakan sebuah titik dalam sebuah garis yang terdiri dari beberapa penghentian bus.
- John is at the bank.
John berada pada tempat atau titik tertentu, yakni di bank. Bank merupakan bagian dari perjalanannya dan juga bagian dari sebuah jalan, yang mana keduanya bisa dianggap sebagai garis.
At juga digunakan untuk alamat-alamat lengkap, contoh: “I live at 22 Orchard Road, London, England.”

Bagaimana sebenarnya kita dapat memastikan kapan menggunakan in, on atau at? Ini tergantung pada perspektif pembicara, dan apa yang dianggap berterima dalam Bahasa Inggris. Ini merupakan pertanyaan yang ditemui oleh setiap orang yang mempelajari bahasa Inggris dan mereka tidak dapat menjawab sepenuhnya melalui hafalan atau aturan yang ada. Semakin banyak anda mempelajari bahasa Inggris anda akan semakin berpengalaman untuk mampu memutuskan kapan menggunakan in, on, atau at. Cukup selalu mencoba untuk memahami, dan pada akhirnya anda akan bisa.

Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
1) Excuse me, where is the post office?
Go straight, and it’s next to the bank.
Thankyou!
2) What’s your address?
I live at 34, East 39th Street, New York.
And what’s your zip code?
My zipcode is NY 10061-2134
Thankyou.
3) Hi Sylvia, where’s the fruit juice?
It’s in the refrigerator!
No, it’s not. It’s not there.
Oh, sorry, it’s in the cupboard next to the soda.
Thanks. And where is the cereal?
Um, on the shelf, I think.
Great! Let’s have some breakfast!
4) Where do you work?
I work in a bank, I’m a secretary. How about you?
I’m a shop assistant. I work at the local store.
Where’s that?
It’s the yellow building on Green Street, next to the clothes store.

http://belajarbah.blogspot.com/2011/12/pengertian-adverb-kata-keterangan.html

T U G A S

Exercise 31 page 119

1. Twelve story

2. Language

3. Three act

4. Two day

5. 79 piece

6. Five shelve

7. 16 ounce

8. Six quart

9. Made of brick

10.
Ten speed

Exercise 32 page 120

1. People enough

2. French enough

3. Enough time

4. Fast enough

5. Soon enough

6. Enough early

7. Hard enough

8. Slowly enough

9. Enough flour

10.
Books enough

Exercise 33 page 121

1. Because of

2. Because of

3. Because of

4. Because

5. Because

6. Because

7. Because of

8. Because of

9. Because of

10.
Because of

Exercise 34 page 124
So
Such
Such
So
So
So
Such
So
So
Such
So
So
Such
So
So

Conditional Sentences atau Kalimat Pengandaian

Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pendandaian terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu real (nyata) dan unreal (tidak nyata). Pengandaian nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian dimana pengandaian tersebut dapat menjadi kenyataan, sedangkan pengandaian tidak nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian yang tidak mungkin akan jadi kenyataan karena beberapa sebab. Pada umumnya, kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu main clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Di dalam if clause terkandung syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences disebut juga kalimat bersyarat.

Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:

a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut if clause.
b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).

PRESENT CONDITIONALS - Present Real Conditional

Rumus
• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Present ...]
• [... Simple Present ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]

Present Real Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang apa yang secara normal Anda lakukan dalam situasi kehidupan normal.

Contoh:
• If I go to a friend’s house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.
• If the weather is nice, she walks to work.
• Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.
• I read if there is nothing on TV.

PRESENT CONDITIONALS - Present Unreal Conditional
Rumus
• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]

Present Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dalam situasi imajenasi (mengandai-andai).

Contoh:
• If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don’t own a car.
• She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn’t have much money.
• I would read more if I didn’t watch so much TV.
• Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.
• If they worked harder, they would earn more money.

PAST CONDITIONALS - Past Real Conditional
Rumus
• [If / When ... Simple Past ..., ... Simple Past ...]
• [... Simple Past... if / when ... Simple Past ...]

Past Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang biasanya Anda lakukan dalam waktu tertentu di situasi nyata kehidupan Anda. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa kebiasaan Anda tadi telah berubah dan Anda biasanya tidak lakukan akhir-akhir ini.

Contoh:
• If I went to a friend’s house for dinner, I usually took a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don’t do that anymore.
• When I had a day off from work, I often went to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
• If the weather was nice, she often walked to work. Now, she usually drives.

PAST CONDITIONALS - Past Unreal Conditional
Rumus
• [If ... Past Perfect ..., ... would have + past participle ... ]
• [... would have + past participle ... if ... Past Perfect ...]
Past Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang menjadi imajenasi di masa lampau.

Contoh:
• If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn’t own one, so I took the bus.
• She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn’t have much money, so she never traveled.
• I would have read more as a child if I hadn’t watched so much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.

FUTURE CONDITIONALS - Future Real Conditional
Rumus
• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Future ...]
• [... Simple Future ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]

Future Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang Anda pikirkan akan terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.

Contoh:
• If I go to my friend’s house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• I am still not sure if I will go to his house or not.
• When I have a day off from work, I am going to go to the beach.
• I have to wait until I have a day off.
• If the weather is nice, she is going to walk to work.

FUTURE CONDITIONALS - Future Unreal Conditional
Bentuk Ke 1 (Bentuk Yang Paling Umum)
• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]

Future Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang

Contoh:
• If I had a day off from work next week, I would go to the beach.
I don’t have a day off from work.
• I am busy next week. If I had time, I would come to your party.
I can’t come.
• Jerry would help me with my homework tomorrow if he didn’t have to work.
He does have to work tomorrow.

Exercise Softskill English Bussines 2

exercise 22 used to - page 99
1. eating
2. eat
3. swim
4. like
5. speak
6. study
7. dance
8. sleep
9. eating
10. eat

exercise 26 Adjectives and Adverb - page 107
1. well
2. intense
3. brightly
4. fluently
5. fluently
6. smooth
7. accurately
8. bitter
9. soon
10. fast

exercise 27 Linking (copulative) Verbs - page 109
1. terrible
2. well
3. good
4. calm
5. sick
6. quickly
7. diligent
8. vehement
9. relaxedly
10. noisy

exercise 28 comparisons - page 114
1. as soon as
2. more important
3. as well as
4. more expensive
5. as hot as
6. more talented
7. more colorfull
8. happier
9. worse
10. faster

exersice 29 comparisons - page 114
1. than
2. as
3. than
4. than
5. from
6. than
7. as
8. than
9. from
10. from

exercise 30 comparisons - page 117
1. best
2. happiest
3. faster
4. creamiest
5. more colorfull
6. better
7. good
8. more awkwardly
9. least
10. prettiest