Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pendandaian terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu real (nyata) dan unreal (tidak nyata). Pengandaian nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian dimana pengandaian tersebut dapat menjadi kenyataan, sedangkan pengandaian tidak nyata adalah bentuk pengandaian yang tidak mungkin akan jadi kenyataan karena beberapa sebab. Pada umumnya, kalimat pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu main clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Di dalam if clause terkandung syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung dalam main clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences disebut juga kalimat bersyarat.
Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause ini diawali oleh if maka disebut if clause.
b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).
PRESENT CONDITIONALS - Present Real Conditional
Rumusb. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could, might, etc. pada pokok kalimat (main clause).
PRESENT CONDITIONALS - Present Real Conditional
• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Present ...]
• [... Simple Present ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]
Present Real Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang apa yang secara normal Anda lakukan dalam situasi kehidupan normal.
• If I go to a friend’s house for dinner, I usually take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• When I have a day off from work, I often go to the beach.
• If the weather is nice, she walks to work.
• Jerry helps me with my homework when he has time.
• I read if there is nothing on TV.
PRESENT CONDITIONALS - Present Unreal Conditional
Rumus
• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]
Present Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk menjelaskan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dalam situasi imajenasi (mengandai-andai).
Contoh:
• If I owned a car, I would drive to work. But I don’t own a car.
• She would travel around the world if she had more money. But she doesn’t have much money.
• I would read more if I didn’t watch so much TV.
• Mary would move to Japan if she spoke Japanese.
• If they worked harder, they would earn more money.
PAST CONDITIONALS - Past Real Conditional
Rumus
• [If / When ... Simple Past ..., ... Simple Past ...]
• [... Simple Past... if / when ... Simple Past ...]
Past Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang biasanya Anda lakukan dalam waktu tertentu di situasi nyata kehidupan Anda. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa kebiasaan Anda tadi telah berubah dan Anda biasanya tidak lakukan akhir-akhir ini.
• If I went to a friend’s house for dinner, I usually took a bottle of wine or some flowers. I don’t do that anymore.
• When I had a day off from work, I often went to the beach. Now, I never get time off.
• If the weather was nice, she often walked to work. Now, she usually drives.
PAST CONDITIONALS - Past Unreal Conditional
Rumus
• [If ... Past Perfect ..., ... would have + past participle ... ]
• [... would have + past participle ... if ... Past Perfect ...]
Past Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan situasi yang menjadi imajenasi di masa lampau.
Contoh:
• If I had owned a car, I would have driven to work. But I didn’t own one, so I took the bus.
• She would have traveled around the world if she had had more money. But she didn’t have much money, so she never traveled.
• I would have read more as a child if I hadn’t watched so much TV. Unfortunately, I did watch a lot of TV, so I never read for entertainment.
FUTURE CONDITIONALS - Future Real Conditional
Rumus
• [If / When ... Simple Present ..., ... Simple Future ...]
• [... Simple Future ... if / when ... Simple Present ...]
Future Real Conditional menggambarkan apa yang Anda pikirkan akan terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Contoh:
• If I go to my friend’s house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers.
• I am still not sure if I will go to his house or not.
• When I have a day off from work, I am going to go to the beach.
• I have to wait until I have a day off.
• If the weather is nice, she is going to walk to work.
FUTURE CONDITIONALS - Future Unreal Conditional
Bentuk Ke 1 (Bentuk Yang Paling Umum)
• [If ... Simple Past ..., ... would + verb ...]
• [... would + verb ... if ... Simple Past ...]
Future Unreal Conditional digunakan untuk membicarakan tentang situasi yang kita bayangkan di masa yang akan datang
Contoh:
• If I had a day off from work next week, I would go to the beach.
I don’t have a day off from work.
• I am busy next week. If I had time, I would come to your party.
I can’t come.
• Jerry would help me with my homework tomorrow if he didn’t have to work.
He does have to work tomorrow.
